by Imām al-Ghazālī
Tahafut al-Falasifa (The Incoherence of the Philosophers), written around 488 AH (1095 CE) in Baghdad, is Imam al-Ghazali’s critical examination of the Neo-Platonic philosophical tradition in Islam. In this work, he scrutinizes twenty philosophical positions—many of which were championed by figures like Ibn Sina—arguing that they conflict with orthodox Islamic theology. This treatise marked a significant turning point in the relationship between philosophy and theology in the Islamic world.
